In this listening, I will be writing down some observations on how the instruments are used in two compositions. Xenakis’ (1922-2001) Plekto (1993) and Peter Maxwell Davies’ (1934-2016) Ave Maris Stella (1976).
Xanaki’s composition is to b perfiemed by a percussion ensemble, string, and woodwinds. One particular instrument, the sixxen it was actually custom made for the composer (lunason). This instrument is struck with mallets to produce a ringing metallic sound. The instrument seems to be played in unison and cresting complex rhythmic patterns by layering one on top of each other. Xenakis also employs four marimbas, creating density by interlocking rhythmics lines adding to the textures. There seem to be counterpoint employed as well in order to create structures. He also employs snare drums, bass drums, cymbals, and gongs, adding soft dynamics, delicate textures, and loud hits in outbursts. One extended technique perceived was the bowing of a cymbal, creating a unique sound. There also exist electronic sounds created by using a computer program. This addition adds layers to the composition and produces some ethereal timbers.
Ave Maris Stella is a composition for choir, including organ, harp, percussion, and strings. The instruments are used to support each other and enhance the choral texture. In the opening bars, the organ plays a sustainable chord setting the tonality of the piece. Later on, it provides a harmonic foundation for the choir and adds texture. At the end of the piece, it adds power and grantness. The harp adds delicate, ethereal quality to the work and provides shimmering arpeggios to accompany the choir. By complementing the choir, the harp provides peace and serenity to the piece. The percussion instruments play an important role in adding rhythmic complexity. The timpani provides a deep and resonant foundation for the choir, while the triangle adds brightness and shaking accents. The strings also support the choir, adding lush and full-bodied sound playing a variety of rhythms and melodic figures. In conclusion, all pieces, although very different from each other they use instruments to complement each other and to add musical richness to the works.
References:
Xenakis, I. (1993). Plekto [score]. Editions Salabert. Retrive from the Nkoda app on 11th April 2023
Lunason. Sixxen. Accessed on the 11th April from: https://www.lunason.com/en/sixxen#:~:text=In%20his%20percussion%20sextet%20Pl%C3%A9iades,the%20milestones%20of%20percussion%20literature.
Whittal, A. Ave Maris Stella. Accessed on 11th April 2023 from: https://www.gramophone.co.uk/review/maxwell-davies-ave-maris-stella
Various. Ave Maris Stella. Accessed on 11th April from: https://divineartrecords.com/recording/ave-maris-stella-chamber-music-by-sir-peter-maxwell-davies/
Orchestration and Arrangement 